Section
Apparel
What apparel is, how the industry is structured, and the vocabulary a buyer needs before talking to anyone.
Apparel is the finished goods side of a supply chain that starts at a fibre and ends at a consumer. Most sourcing problems are really vocabulary problems: two parties agree on a price and disagree on what product they just described. This section fixes the vocabulary first, then moves to structure.
Industry structure
How the apparel industry is organised, and how its stages hand off to one another.
Industry-structure articles are in editorial review. Each one requires a sourced basis for its figures before it publishes.
Materials, garments and processes
The entities this section connects: fibres, fabrics, garments, processes and categories.
Related elsewhere
Pages primarily filed under another section that bear directly on apparel fundamentals.
- [ARTICLE] What clothing manufacturing actually costs How garment cost is built up, which components move, and how to sanity-check a quotation. Written as a cost anatomy rather than a price list — because a cost benchmark without a stated basis is worse than no benchmark at all.
- [ARTICLE] OEM vs ODM: what you are actually buying OEM means the factory builds your design. ODM means the factory owns the design and you put your label on it. The distinction determines who owns the pattern, who carries the development cost, and whether you can leave.
- [ARTICLE] Pakistan textile industry Pakistan's textile and apparel sector earned $18bn in FY2025-26 and accounts for roughly 60% of national exports — but it is shifting from raw materials toward value-added apparel, and its domestic cotton crop has collapsed to a fraction of its peak.
- [COUNTRY] Pakistan Pakistan is a vertically integrated, cotton-rich apparel manufacturer and the world's largest exporter of some home textile categories. $18bn in textile exports in FY2025-26, concentrated in the EU, US and UK, and constrained by a collapsing domestic cotton crop.
- [RESEARCH] Pakistan textile and apparel exports, FY2025-26 Pakistan's textile sector grew 0.3% to $18bn while the country's total exports fell 5.9%. An analysis of what the composition shift toward value-added exports means for buyers, and why the raw-material collapse is the more important signal.